Make sense of AI agents

Guide · Agentic AI · 8 min

What an agent actually is

Understand the decision loop, choose a concrete job, and define where a person stays in control.

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A red processor inside an ivory decision loop, with a document entering the cycle.
Paulo Cauhi ·

An AI agent uses a model to decide what to do next, calls the tools available to it, and checks the result. The useful question is: what job should it finish, and how will you know it worked?

By the end, you will have a one-sentence brief for a small agent. No code or accounts needed.

Start with a concrete result

“Help with customer support” is too broad. Try: “Read a delivery question, look up the order, and prepare a reply for review.”

The input is one customer message. The output is a draft with an order reference and the delivery status it used. You can check both against the source.

ApproachWhat happens
ChatYou paste an order status and ask for a draft.
Fixed workflowA rule looks up the order and fills a template.
AgentThe model decides whether it needs an order lookup, uses the result, and asks for missing information.

Use a fixed workflow when the steps are predictable. An agent becomes useful when the next step depends on what it finds.

Follow the decision loop

Imagine a customer asks, “Where is order 1042?”

  1. Read: identify the order number and the requested information.
  2. Act: call a permitted order-lookup tool.
  3. Observe: inspect the returned status and its update time.
  4. Finish or ask: prepare a source-backed draft, or ask for the missing detail.

This is an example design, not a connected demo. A tool error should produce an unresolved task, not an invented delivery date. Set a maximum number of attempts so the agent cannot retry forever.

Keep authority separate from ability

Looking up an order and issuing a refund are different permissions. Our example needs the first; it does not need the second.

Give it access to one approved data source and a place to save drafts. Sending messages, changing orders, and paying refunds stay with a person. Enforce those limits in the tools and application; a sentence in a prompt is not access control.

A useful completion record contains the draft, the source it used, and anything still uncertain.

Mark as complete

What an agent actually is

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